Lessons from the New Science of Adolescence: Book Excerpt

Read an excerpt of Dr. Laurence Steinberg's fascinating, highly acclaimed new book on teens, Age of Opportunity: Lessons From The New Science of Adolescence.When a country's adolescents trail much of the world on measures of school achievement but are among the world leaders in violence, unwanted pregnancy, STDs, abortion, binge drinking, marijuana use, obesity, and unhappiness, it is time to admit that something is wrong with the way that country is raising its young people.That country is the United States.It is not surprising that so many young people fare poorly in school or suffer from emotional or behavioral problems. Our current approach to raising adolescents reflects a mix of misunderstanding, uncertainty, and contradiction.

The classic stereotype of adolescence is that it is a time characterized by confusion. Adolescence is a confusing time, but it's not the people in the midst of it who are confused. Indeed, adults are far more bewildered by adolescence than are young people themselves.

Some years ago, I received a call one evening from a friend who asked me to watch his ten-year-old son while he dashed out to take care of a problem involving his sixteen-year-old daughter. Stacie had just called to ask her dad to come and pick her up. She had been arrested for shoplifting - she had attempted to steal a bathing suit from one of the department stores that anchored the high-end mall not far from where we lived. She and her two friends, who also had stolen a few small things from the store, were being held at the local police station. My friend's wife was out of town on a business trip, and he couldn't leave his son home alone.My friend and his daughter returned about an hour later, and he stood and stared at her as she walked through their foyer past me, avoiding any eye contact, and climbed up the stairs to her bedroom. No one said a word.He and I sat down in the living room to try to make sense out of what had happened. His daughter was a good kid, a straight-A student who had never been in trouble. The family had plenty of money, and Stacie knew that if she needed clothes, all she had to do was ask. Why on earth would she steal something that she could have purchased so easily? When he had asked his daughter on their ride home from the station, she had no answer. She just shrugged and looked out the window. My guess is that she had no idea. Nor was she especially concerned about finding out why.My friend, also a psychologist, wanted Stacie to see a therapist so that she could better understand her behavior. At the time, I thought it was a reasonable request. Now, though, I'm not sure I would have encouraged this response.  I'm all in favor of psychotherapy when a teenager has an obvious emotional or behavioral problem, like depression or chronic acting out. But no amount of probing Stacie's unconscious was going to uncover why she stole the bathing suit. She didn't take it because she was angry with her parents, or because she had low self-esteem, or because she had some psychological hole that needed to be filling with something tangible and immediately gratifying. Holding Stacie accountable for what she did was important.But pushing her to understand what she did was futile. She shoplifted because when she and her friends were wandering through the store, stopping occasionally to experiment with cosmetics or rummage through the stacks of clothes on the display table, it seemed like it might be fun to see if they could get away with it.

We need to start thinking about adolescence differently. Fortunately, over the past two decades, there has been tremendous growth in the scientific study of adolescence.

The good news is that the accumulated knowledge, which comes from behavioral science, social science, and neuroscience, provides a sensible foundation that can help parents, teachers, employers, health care providers, and others who work with young people be better at what they do.The bad news, though, is that a lot of this knowledge has yet to influence the ways in which we raise, educate, and treat young people.This book synthesizes and explains what those of us who study adolescence have learned about two intersecting sets of changes. The first, in how adolescence as a stage of life has been transformed, demands that we radically reform how adolescents are raised, schooled, and viewed by society. The second, in our knowledge about adolescent development, exposes why what we've been doing hasn't been working, and reveals how we need to alter our policies and practices. My purpose is to start, stimulate, and inform a national conversation, grounded in the latest science, and about how to improve the well-being of American adolescents.Purchase The Age of Opportunity here. Learn more about Dr. Steinberg's work at his website.